Robonaissance

Robonaissance

Brains

Teaching robots through trial and error, the simulator revolution, and the beginnings of robot “imagination.”

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Hugo
Jan 28, 2026
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Chapter 5 of A Brief History of Embodied Intelligence

“There was maybe a dozen people in the world who cared about this stuff. We’d meet at conferences and wonder if anyone would ever take us seriously.” — Richard Sutton

The robot hand had been failing for three days straight.

It was October 2019, and in a corner of OpenAI’s San Francisco headquarters, a f…

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